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Introduction (Updated for the Fourth Edition)
Heather Wilburn, Ph.D
A Note for Instructors and Others Using this Open Resource
Read Online or Download This Book
LOGOS: Critical Thinking, Arguments, and Fallacies
An Introduction to Russell’s “The Value of Philosophy”
Heather Wilburn, Ph.D.
The Value of Philosophy
Bertrand Russell
Philosophy: Who Needs It
An Introduction to Plato's Apology
The Apology
Plato
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
Edited by: Timothy Robbins
Unit 1 Supplemental Readings
An Introduction to Plato's "Allegory of the Cave"
The Allegory of the Cave
A Critical Comparison between Plato’s Socrates and Xenophon’s Socrates in the Face of Death
Dr. Pankaj Singh
Plato's "Simile of the Sun" and "The Divided Line"
Parmenides
Symposium
An Introduction to Aristotle's Metaphysics
Selected Readings from Aristotle's Categories
Aristotle
An Introduction to ‘Self and Ātman’
Lunneihoi Thangeo
Self and Atman (from Bhagavad Gita)
Noah Levin
Reality and Time (from Bhagavad Gita)
Dhamma: What the Buddha Taught
Douglas Sjoquist
An Introduction to "What is A Chariot? (What are we?)"
What is a Chariot? (And what are we?)
We are Our Awareness
John Locke
Bundle Theory of the Self
David Hume
Ship of Theseus
Selected Reading from St. Augustine's "The City of God"
Aurelius Augustine, Bishop of Hippo
Selected Reading from St. Augustine's "On the Holy Trinity"
Augustine’s Treatment of the Problem of Evil
Rocco A. Astore
Aquinas's Five Proofs for the Existence of God
St. Mary's Press
St. Thomas Aquinas – On the Five Ways to Prove God’s Existence
St. Thomas Aquinas
Selected Reading's from William Paley's "Natural Theology"
William Paley
Selected Readings from St. Anselm's Proslogium; Monologium: An Appendix In Behalf Of The Fool By Gaunilo; And Cur Deus Homo
St. Anselm
David Hume– On the Irrationality of Believing in Miracles
Jeff McLaughlin
Selections from Pascal's Pensées
Blaise Pascal
William James – On the Will to Believe
Unit 2 Supplemental Readings
An Introduction to Western Epistemology
Selected Readings from Russell's The Problems of Philosophy
Plato's Meno
Cogito
René Descartes
Empiricism
Selections from A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
George Berkeley
Radical Empiricism
Why Time Is In Your Mind: Transcendental Idealism and the Reality of Time
Guus Duindam
Selected Readings on Immanuel Kant's Transcendental Idealism
Transcendental Idealism
Immanuel Kant
Selections from "Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking" by William James
William James
Jean Piaget on Reasoning and Logic
Dr. Mark A. Winstanley
Johnson-Laird on Reasoning and Logic
Unit 3 Supplemental Readings
Slave and Master Morality (From Chapter IX of Nietzsche's Beyond Good and Evil)
Lee Archie and John G. Archie
The Ring of Gyges
A Little Book of Stoicism
St. George Stock
The Simple and Happy Life
Epicurus
An Introduction to Western Ethical Thought: Aristotle, Kant, Utilitarianism
Aristotelian Virtue Ethics
Andrew Fisher and Mark Dimmock
Reason and Emotion in the Moral Life
Scott O'Leary
Virtue
An Introduction to Kant's Moral Theory
Kantian Ethics
Selected Readings from Kant's Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals
The Categorical Imperative
Utilitarianism
Andrew Fisher; Mark Dimmock; and Henry Imler
A Pig, a Fool, and Socrates
John Stuart Mill
Religious Ethical Systems
Andrew Fisher; Mark Dimmock; Henry Imler; and Kristin Whaley
God, Morality, and Religion
Kristin Whaley
Euthyphro
Letter from the Birmingham City Jail
Martin King
Unit 4 Supplemental Readings
Plato's Republic - Book II
Selected Readings from Thomas Hobbes' "Leviathan"
Thomas Hobbes
Selected Readings from John Locke's "Second Treatise of Government"
Original Acquisition
Rousseau’s Social Contract Theory
Luke Tucker
Selected Readings from Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "The Social Contract & Discourses"
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality
John Rawls and the “Veil of Ignorance”
Ben Davies
John Stuart Mill – On The Equality of Women
Mary Wollstonecraft – On the Rights of Women
On Marxism and Value
Rasmin Canon
An Introduction to Marx's Philosophic and Economic Thought
Manifesto of the Communist Party
Frederick Engels and Karl Marx
Anarchy
Pëtr Kropotkin
Social Contracts of Exploitation
Charles Mills
Government in the Future
Republican Freedom
David Campbell
Contemporary Just War Theory
Femi Omotoyinbo
How can punishment be justified? On Kant’s Retributivism
Unit 5 Supplemental Readings
Plato's Republic Book X
Selected Readings from Aristotle's Poetics
Of the Standard of Taste
Kant's Project: A Short Overview
Laura Mueller, Ph.D.
Immanuel Kant – On the Aesthetic Taste
Selected Readings from Edmund Burke's "A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful"
Unit 6 Supplemental Readings
Selected Reading from Søren Kierkegaard: Fear and Trembling
Søren Kierkegaard
Selected Readings on Søren Kierkegaard
Existentialism is a Humanism
Selected Reading from Simone de Beauvoir: Introduction to The Second Sex
The Myth of Sisyphus
Selected Readings from and on Friedrich Nietzsche's "Eternal Recurrence"
Friedrich Nietzsche
Unit 7 Supplemental Readings
Fourth Edition Notes
This page will reflect changes made to the Fourth Edition after 8/12/22.
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Philosophical Thought Copyright © 2020 by Heather Wilburn / Tulsa Community College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.