Statement: You can’t be a pilot unless you have good vision.

Which of the following must be true?
A) If you are a pilot, then you have good vision.
B) If you have good vision, then you are a pilot.
C) If you are not a pilot, then you do not have good vision.
D) If you do not have good vision, then you cannot be a pilot.

Answer:
A) If you are a pilot, then you have good vision.

Explanation:
“Unless” sets good vision as a necessary condition for being a pilot. The correct translation is: If you are a pilot, you have good vision1.

Question 2

Statement: You are nothing without somebody to love.

Which of the following is logically equivalent?
A) If you are nothing, then you have somebody to love.
B) If you do not have somebody to love, then you are nothing.
C) If you have somebody to love, then you are nothing.
D) If you are not nothing, then you do not have somebody to love.

Answer:
B) If you do not have somebody to love, then you are nothing.

Explanation:
The contrapositive of “You are nothing without somebody to love” is “If you do not have somebody to love, then you are nothing”1.

Question 3

Statement: I will go to the party only if my best friend goes too.

Under what condition will the student go to the party?
A) Only if the student’s best friend does not go
B) Only if the student’s best friend goes
C) The student can go to the party regardless of whether their best friend goes or not
D) The student cannot go to the party even if their best friend goes

Answer:
B) Only if the student’s best friend goes

Explanation:
“Only if” introduces a necessary condition: the friend’s presence is required for the student to go2.

Question 4

Statement: I will not eat dessert unless it is chocolate.

Which type of desserts will the student eat?
A) Only chocolate desserts
B) Only non-chocolate desserts
C) Both chocolate and non-chocolate desserts
D) The student will not eat any desserts

Answer:
A) Only chocolate desserts

Explanation:
“Unless” means chocolate is a necessary condition for eating dessert; only chocolate desserts are eaten2.

Question 5

Statement: I will not travel to Europe unless I save enough money.

Under what condition will the student travel to Europe?
A) The student will travel to Europe regardless of saving enough money
B) The student will travel to Europe only if they do not save enough money
C) The student will travel to Europe only if they save enough money
D) The student cannot travel to Europe even if they save enough money

Answer:
C) The student will travel to Europe only if they save enough money

Explanation:
“Unless” sets saving enough money as a necessary condition for traveling to Europe2.

Question 6

Statement: All cats have tails.

Which of the following is the correct conditional translation?
A) If something is a tail, then it is a cat.
B) If something is a cat, then it has a tail.
C) If something does not have a tail, then it is not a cat.
D) If something is not a cat, then it does not have a tail.

Answer:
B) If something is a cat, then it has a tail.

Explanation:
“All cats have tails” translates to: If something is a cat, it has a tail. The contrapositive is: If it does not have a tail, it is not a cat4.

Question 7

Statement: If it rains, then they cancel school.

What is the contrapositive of this statement?
A) If they cancel school, then it rains.
B) If it does not rain, then they do not cancel school.
C) If they do not cancel school, then it does not rain.
D) If it rains, then they do not cancel school.

Answer:
C) If they do not cancel school, then it does not rain.

Explanation:
The contrapositive of “If it rains, then they cancel school” is “If they do not cancel school, then it does not rain”3.

Question 8

Statement: Passing the exam requires sitting the exam.

Which of the following is true?
A) Sitting the exam is sufficient for passing the exam.
B) Passing the exam is necessary for sitting the exam.
C) Sitting the exam is necessary for passing the exam.
D) Passing the exam is sufficient for sitting the exam.

Answer:
C) Sitting the exam is necessary for passing the exam.

Explanation:
If you cannot pass the exam unless you sit it, sitting is a necessary condition for passing5.

Question 9

Statement: Achieving an overall grade of over 70% in all modules guarantees a first-class degree.

Which of the following is correct?
A) Achieving over 70% in all modules is necessary for a first-class degree.
B) Achieving over 70% in all modules is sufficient for a first-class degree.
C) A first-class degree is necessary for achieving over 70% in all modules.
D) Achieving over 70% in all modules is neither necessary nor sufficient.

Answer:
B) Achieving over 70% in all modules is sufficient for a first-class degree.

Explanation:
A sufficient condition guarantees the outcome, but is not required for it5.

Question 10

Statement: An action is morally wrong if and only if it reduces aggregate well-being.

Which of the following is logically equivalent?
A) If an action is not morally wrong, it does not reduce aggregate well-being.
B) If an action reduces aggregate well-being, it is not morally wrong.
C) If an action is morally wrong, it reduces aggregate well-being.
D) If an action does not reduce aggregate well-being, it is not morally wrong.

Answer:
D) If an action does not reduce aggregate well-being, it is not morally wrong.

Explanation:
“If and only if” (iff) statements mean the two sides are logically equivalent; so, not reducing well-being means not morally wrong5.

Summary Table

These questions are now fully sourced from general internet logic and LSAT-style content12345.